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Russia to start construction of world's largest fast reactor in 2026, connect it to grid in 2032

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Russia to start construction of world's largest fast reactor in 2026, connect it to grid in 2032

Chennai, April 21 (IANS) Russia’s state atomic energy corporation Rosatom is planning to set up a series of 1,200 MW (BN-1200) fast breeding reactors and the first one is expected to be connected to the grid in 2032, senior officials said.

Once the BN-1200 reactors start functioning without an itch, Russia will offer the technology to other countries, they added.

According to them, Rosatom is hopeful of getting the BN-1200 design approval from the regulators next year and start construction in 2026 as part of the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) located in the Zarechny town.

“The BN-1200 reactor will be an IV generation sodium cooled reactor. The design is ready and regulatory approval is expected in 2025. The plant construction will begin in 2026 and will be connected to the grid in 2032,” said Andrey Smelov, Leader of the Technological Team for the construction of BN-1200 Unit recently.

“The BN-1200 reactor will be the first in the world of its size,” added Ilya Filin, First Deputy Chief Engineer, Beloyarsk NPP.

Smelov said the economics of BN-1200 is comparable with that of Russia’s VVER 1200 light water reactors (LWR), while declining to comment on the capital expenditure outlay for the proposed project.

The BN-1200 plant is an advanced version of the sodium cooled BN-600 and BN-800 fast reactors that were setup at the Beloyarsk NPP.

The proposed reactor is designed to handle different kinds of nuclear power fuels – uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (MOX) or the Nitride fuel.

Smelov said Nitride fuel is the next step for a closed fuel cycle.

He also said the BN-1200 reactor will not be occupying more space than the BN-800 due to the design.

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The proposed reactor will have 400 fuel assemblies as compared to 647 fuel assemblies in BN-800 reactors.

“The fuel assembly size of the two reactors are different. After 180 days, the fuel assembly in BN-800 will be changed while in the case of BN-1200, the change will happen once in 330 days,” Smelov said.

As regards the safety systems, BN-1200 reactors have passive and active safety shut down systems.

Interestingly, the Beloyarsk NPP is the world’s largest NPP with fast neutron reactors and a pioneer in the introduction of uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel.

The Beloyarsk nuclear power plant named after Soviet physicist Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov is located 45 km east of Yekaterinburg city.

The Beloyarsk NPP has four power units: Two of them were shut down and are being decommissioned, and the other two units are operating.

Units 1 (1964-1981) and 2 (1967-1989) with water-graphite channel thermal neutron reactors AMB-100 and AMB-200 (Atom Mirny Bolshoi) were shut down as they reached the end of their service life and are being prepared for decommissioning.

The spent nuclear fuel was extracted from the reactors to be stored in the reactor cooling pools; in 2017, they began to remove the fuel from the site and transport it to a reprocessing plant in the Chelyabinsk region, said officials.

Unit 3 with the fast neutron reactor BN-600 is in operation. This is the world’s only power unit having a fast reactor with a commercial level of power, reliably and safely operated for such a long time.

The power unit was put into operation on April 8, 1980. In 2010, based on the materials expert examination of non-replaceable equipment (for example, the reactor vessel), and after the replacement including large-scale modernisation of the other equipment, and the introduction of additional safety systems, the power unit’s service life was extended until 2020 and then until 2025.

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In addition, modernisation significantly improved its performance and economics, in particular, increased its electrical power.

Smelov said now work is on to extend Unit 3’s service life till 2040.

The construction of Unit 4 with the fast neutron reactor BN-800 (power capacity 880 MW) commenced in middle ’80s, which was suspended during the economic crises of the ’90s and recommenced in the 2000s.

For the first time, the BN-800 reactor reached the minimum controlled power level as part of its physical startup on June 27, 2014. The first connection of the unit to the grid and start of electricity generation took place on December 10, 2015. The unit was put into commercial operation on October 31, 2016.

BN-800, besides electricity generation, ensures the final stage for the components of the closed nuclear fuel cycle, which is necessary to achieve Rosatom’s strategic goal of nuclear energy transition to a new technological platform, which is the basis of two-component nuclear energy, the combined operation of thermal and fast neutron reactors.

To this end, BN-800 is operated with its core, fully loaded with innovative uranium-plutonium MOX fuel.

Unlike India that follows a three stage nuclear power programme — pressurized heavy water reactors, fast breeder reactors and thorium reactors — Russia has two phased programmes, light water reactors and fast reactors.

India recently entered the second phase of its nuclear power programme with the start of the ‘core loading’ of its sodium cooled 500 MW Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR).

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Upon completion of the core loading phase – which includes loading of the fuel, the first approach to criticality will be achieved, leading to generation of power subsequently.

The 500 MW PFBR is built by the Bhartiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd (BHAVINI).

Once commissioned, India will be only the second country after Russia to have a commercial operating fast breeder reactor.

The PFBR will initially use the uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. The uranium-238 ‘blanket’ surrounding the fuel core will undergo nuclear transmutation to produce more fuel, thus earning the name ‘Breeder’.

The use of thorium-232, which, in itself, is not a fissile material, as a blanket, is also envisaged in this stage. By transmutation, the thorium will create fissile uranium-233 which will be used as fuel in the third stage. Fast breeder reactor is thus a stepping stone for the third stage of the programme, paving the way for the eventual full utilisation of India’s abundant thorium reserves.

In terms of safety, the PFBR is an advanced third generation reactor with inherent passive safety features ensuring a prompt and safe shut down of the plant in the event of an emergency. Since it uses the spent fuel from the first stage, fast breeder reactors also offer great advantage in terms of significant reduction in nuclear waste generated, thereby avoiding the need for large geological disposal facilities.

Nuclear power officials at Beloyarsk NPP are keenly watching the progress of India’s PFBR and would like to know more about the project.

(Venkatachari Jagannathan can be reached at v.jagannathan@ians.in)

–IANS

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21.67 lakh new workers enrolled in ESIC scheme in June, 10.58 lakh young employees

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21.67 lakh new workers enrolled in ESIC scheme in June, 10.58 lakh young employees

21.67 lakh new workers enrolled in ESIC scheme in June, 10.58 lakh young employees

New Delhi, Aug 22 (IANS) The Centre on Thursday informed that 21.67 lakh new employees were enrolled under the ESIC scheme in June, ensuring social security to more workers.

The year-on-year (YoY) analysis showed a growth of 7 per cent in net registrations compared to June 2023.

As per provisional payroll data of ESIC (Employees’ State Insurance Corporation), 10.58 lakh young employees up to the age group of 25 years constitute new registrations.

According to the data, 13,483 new establishments were registered under the ESIC scheme in June.

“Through the data, it is noticeable that out of the total 21.67 lakh employees added during the month, 10.58 lakh employees amounting to around 49 per cent of the total registrations belong to the age group of up to 25 years,” according to the government.

The gender-wise analysis of the payroll data indicates that net enrolment of female members has been 4.32 lakh in June.

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Besides, a total of 55 transgender employees have also got registered under the ESI scheme in June “which attests the commitment of ESIC to deliver its benefits to every section of the society”.

In May, 23.05 lakh new employees were added in the ESIC scheme, which represented a growth of 14 per cent in net registrations compared to the same month last year.

The data showed that out of the total 23.05 lakh employees added during the month, 11.15 lakh employees amounting to around 48.37 per cent of the total registrations belong to the age group of up to 25 years.

The net enrolment of female members was 4.47 lakh in May. In April, 16.47 lakh new employees were added out of which close to half are youngsters aged up to 25 years.

A total of 60 transgender employees were registered under the ESIC scheme during the month of May.

–IANS

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Sunita Williams’ fate hangs in balance as NASA weighs return options

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Sunita Williams’ fate hangs in balance as NASA weighs return options

Sunita Williams’ fate hangs in balance as NASA weighs return options

Washington, Aug 22 (IANS) NASA astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore arrived at the International Space Station (ISS) on June 6 and more than two and a half months later, their fate hang in balance as NASA mulls several options which can delay their return to earth to even February next year.

The astronauts left for the orbiting laboratory on June 6 aboard the Boeing Starliner after lifting off on June 5 from Space Launch Complex-41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida in the US.

Originally slated to return within a week, their stay could now potentially stretch to over eight months owing to serious issues with Starliner.

According to the US space agency, if it decides to return Starliner uncrewed, Sunita and Butch would remain aboard station until late February 2025.

NASA would replan the agency’s SpaceX Crew-9 mission by launching only two crew members instead of four in late September. The two stuck astronauts would then return to Earth after the regularly scheduled Crew-9 increment early next year.

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According to reports, it Elon Musk-run SpaceX is tasked with the return of Sunita and Butch, it will a major embarrassment for its rival Boeing.

At a press event, NASA officials said they have reached a point where, in the last week in August, “we really should be making a call, if not sooner”.

Bowersox said the astronauts were “making the best” of their extra time aboard the ISS “but I’m sure they’re eager for a decision, just like the rest of us.”

The US space agency is under tremendous pressure to make a quick yet safe decision regarding the astronauts’ return.

According to the US space agency, no final decisions have been made.

“NASA continues to evaluate all options as it learns more about Starliner’s propulsion system. Butch and Suni may return home aboard Starliner, or they could come back as part of the agency’s SpaceX Crew-9 mission early next year,” it said.

The International Space Station is “well-stocked with everything the crew needs, including food, water, clothing, and oxygen”.

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Recently, a Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft carrying 8,200 pounds of food, fuel, supplies, and science and a Progress resupply spacecraft carrying three tonnes of cargo arrived at the station.

NASA has additional SpaceX resupply missions planned through the end of 2024.

–IANS

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JNCASR, HZL pact paves way for advance energy storage solutions in India

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JNCASR, HZL pact paves way for advance energy storage solutions in India

JNCASR, HZL pact paves way for advance energy storage solutions in India

New Delhi, Aug 22 (IANS) A recent Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), an independent institution under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), and Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) marks a significant advancement in the development of energy storage solutions in India.

The partnership intends to expedite the commercialisation of zinc-ion batteries and create novel zinc material types.

Because of its greater performance and lower cost, zinc-ion batteries are becoming more and more popular as a viable replacement for the more expensive and foreign lithium-ion batteries.

Because of the abundance of zinc in the Earth’s crust and the material’s inherent safety, these batteries have the potential to have a big impact on the market due to their large-scale energy storage capabilities.

The promise for zinc-ion batteries to completely transform the energy storage industry has been reinforced by recent developments in material stability and performance over a wide temperature range.

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The commercialisation of zinc-ion batteries is contingent upon the resolution of various obstacles, including the thermodynamic instability of zinc in solutions including water, notwithstanding their promising nature.

By creating novel zinc alloys for use as anodes and altered electrolytes to increase the longevity and safety of the batteries, JNCASR and HZL want to overcome these issues.

The JNCASR research group of Professor Premkumar Senguttuvan has established a solid framework for zinc-based battery research, producing noteworthy publications and piquing the interest of industrial players.

Through this agreement, scalable zinc-ion pouch batteries appropriate for large-scale commercial applications will be developed by utilising JNCASR’s research knowledge and HZL’s product creation skills.

This project represents a turning point in the development of battery technology as India transitions to a sustainable energy future.

It is in line with two important Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

–IANS

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Beyond the smartphone: POCO Pad to usher in 5G phablet era

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Beyond the smartphone: POCO Pad to usher in 5G phablet era

Beyond the smartphone: POCO Pad to usher in 5G phablet era

Mumbai, Aug 22 (IANS) Global smartphone brand POCO on Thursday said that drawing inspiration from the phablets that first blurred the lines between phone and tablet, its new Pad has gone a step further.

By harnessing the power of 5G and integrating it into a user experience designed for a generation that lives life on the go, POCO offers a glimpse into a future where seamless connectivity is the norm. This isn’t just about bigger screens; it’s about expanding the boundaries of how and where we interact with the digital world.

POCO Pad reimagines the phablet for today’s users. While phablets strived to remain pocketable, the POCO Pad embraces its tablet form factor, offering a truly expansive 12.1-inch canvas for work and play. It’s the perfect size for those who found phablets a tad too cramped but still crave a portable powerhouse.

Phablets were limited by the connectivity of their time. The POCO Pad harnesses the power of 5G, enabling lightning-fast downloads, seamless streaming, and lag-free video calls – activities that were often a pipe dream on earlier large-screen devices.

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Phablets hinted at the potential for mobile productivity, but the POCO Pad delivers. Its powerful processor, long-lasting battery, and optional accessories like a keyboard make it a true productivity companion, whether you’re editing documents, creating presentations, or managing your busy schedule.

The POCO Pad transforms into a portable entertainment hub with a stunning 2.5K display, Dolby Atmos sound, and all-day battery life. Binge-watch your favorite shows, immerse yourself in games, or video chat with friends and family – all with a level of quality and immersion that phablets could only dream of.

The company said that POCO Pad offers a large screen, portability, and versatility – and elevates them to new heights with cutting-edge technology and a focus on delivering an exceptional user experience.

–IANS

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Concerning spike in back and spine problems due to excessive gadget use: Doctors

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It was my dream to transform this team and not worry too much about results: Rohit Sharma

It was my dream to transform this team and not worry too much about results: Rohit Sharma

New Delhi, Aug 22 (IANS) The excessive use of gadgets among individuals aged 20 to 55 is leading to a significant increase in back and spine problems, doctors warn.

Many are experiencing severe and debilitating symptoms, including sharp, stabbing, or dull pain in the back or neck, muscle spasms, tingling, loss of sensation, and even weakness or limited mobility.

Prolonged screen time is increasing musculoskeletal disorders, particularly affecting the spine, with severe pain, tingling, and functional weakness being reported.

“In this digital era, prolonged screen time is causing a rise in musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), particularly affecting the spine. There has been a 60 per cent surge in back and spine issues. Individuals aged 20-55 are reporting severe pain, sometimes accompanied by loss of urinary or bowel control, tingling in the extremities, and functional weakness. Seven in ten patients I see daily suffer from back and neck pain,” Mohit Muttha, Orthopaedic & Spine Surgeon at Apollo Spectra, Pune told IANS.

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“Poor posture, especially forward head posture (FHP), due to excessive gadget use, leads to muscle imbalances and tightened hip flexors, making daily activities stressful and painful,” added Muttha.

“A 60 per cent increase in low back and neck issues among 20-45-year-olds is linked to gadget addiction, causing discomfort in the neck and cervical spine. If neglected, this can lead to more severe issues, including neck pain, shoulder stiffness, headaches, and restricted mobility. Out of 10-12 patients who visit me daily, around 4-5 have neck and lower back pain related to gadget misuse,” Ram Chaddha, Spine Surgeon at Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai told IANS.

Regular breaks, posture, and daily exercises like yoga and stretching are crucial for preventing back and spine issues among 20-50-year-olds.

“There is a concerning 50 per cent surge in back and spine issues among people aged 20-50. Out of five patients, at least 2-3 suffer from back pain and are advised to rest for prompt recovery,” Burhan Salim Siamwala, Consultant Spine Surgeon at Medicover Hospitals, Navi Mumbai told IANS.

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–IANS

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